Review

Review dates and time periods here

Click through it a few times to refresh yourself!

Pre-Modernism: Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism & Symbolism

KEY IDEAS

• Realism was based on theory of positivism (information derived from logical and mathematical treatments, empirical evidence --> can be PROVEN!)
• Japanese art had profound impact on late 19th c. painters (JAPONISME)
• Impressionist art is all about painting in "plein-air" - captures fleeting, shifting atmosphere of nature --> COLOR, LIGHT & THE MOMENTARY
• Post-Impressionists gave Impressionist ideals structure (back to picture making instead of recreating nature)
• Symbolist painters seek to portray mystical personal visions - INDIVIDUAL EXPRESSION, making the invisible visible
• Skyscraper is new type of building due to technological advances (ferroconcrete, steel & the elevator)
• Art Nouveau unifies painting, sculpture and architecture with lines and organic forms and motifs (twining plants and vegetal patterns)
• Artists were inspired by the past but rejected traditional subjects
• Almost ALL art was purely secular, very little religious symbolism or intent 

HISTORY

• Europe was in shift from aristocracies to democracies = REVOLUTION! 
• Franco-Prussian War of 1870
• Concept of Positivism promoted by Comte (knowledge must come from proven ideas based off science)
• Darwin & Marx --> human evolution and social equality, influential radical ideas
• Invention of telephones, bikes, cars, motion pictures! 
• THE AVANT-GARDE (art movements are constantly breaking away and reinventing previous groups)

RESOURCES:
REALISM:

• SmartHistory's background information on REALISM 
• Explore Courbet's Burial at Ornans and The Stonebreakers
• Millet's The Gleaners
• HIGHLY RECOMMENDED: SmartHistory's explanation of Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe

JAPONISME:

• Great resource for miniature Japanese woodblock printing 
• The Met's great explanation of Japonisme

IMPRESSIONISM:

• How did the Impressionists get their name?
• Explore SmartHistory's Impressionist Resources (watch clips about Monet, Cassatt, Caillebotte and Renoir)
• A somewhat silly but helpful lesson on Impressionis & Post-Impressionism 

BBC Special about the Impressionists, watch if you have the time! There are 3 installments.


Post-IMPRESSIONISM:

• Explore Van Gogh's life in this National Gallery Van Gogh Exhibit
• SmartHistory Post-Impressionist Resources
• Explore the Art Institute of Chicago's Impressionist & Post-Impressionist Collections

SYMBOLISM:

• Explore the work of Odilon Redon (The Cyclops)
• The Met's explanation of Symbolism 

Quiz

Tomorrow's (4/11) quiz will cover Baroque through the Enlightenment (chapters 24, 25 & 29).

Some have expressed that the Baroque Deck of Cards for French/Northern Baroque art. Hopefully it is more legible here:

Deck of Cards- Northern Baroque

Review!

Quiz yourself with these artist review powerpoints!

• The Age of the Enlightenment
• Baroque Artist Review
• The Northern Renaissance
• The High Renaissance
• 15th century Italian Renaissance
  

Rococo & Neoclassicism

Rococo (1700-1750) meaning "shell" or "pebble"

HISTORY & KEY FACTS

• Shift of power from royal court to aristocracy (Baroque to Rococo)
• French Royal Academy sets tone for artistic taste in Paris
• Fete Galante - Aristocrats leisurely pursuits!
• Satire

Rococo Architecture

• No straight lines - height of refinement, feminine
• Building as sculpture, as if growing and moving 
• No empty spaces, small relief sculptures of cupids and clouds
• MAJOR WORKS
• Hall of Mirrors, the Amalienburg, Munich, Germany, early 18th c.

Rococo Painting

• No straight lines (even in frames), delicate curves
• Sensual, frivolity, extravagant and fluffy
• Scenes of love and romance 
• Dainty figures
• Airy, shimmering pastel colors
• MAJOR WORKS
• Jean-Antoine Watteau, The Return from Cythera, 1717-1719
• Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, 1766

Rousseau and the 'Natural'

• Elisabeth Louise Vigee-Lebrun, Self Portrait, 1790
• Hogarth, Breakfast Scene from Marriage a la Mode, 1745
• Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1771

THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND NEOCLASSICISM
KEY FACTS & HISTORY

• The Age of Reason - Voltaire 
• Strong linear quality, dramatically lit figures 
• More democratic, rejected the authority of the aristocracy and monarchy
• Inspired by the excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum
• Industrial Revolution: Population BOOM
• The French Revolution! 

Neoclassical Archiecture 

• Cast iron
• Revision of classical principles on a modern framework
• Inspiration: Palladio and Inigo Jones
• Symmetry, balance, composition and order
• Special rooms (green or Etruscan room, for example)
• MAJOR WORKS: 
• Boyle and Kent, Chiswick House, 1725 (Jefferson's Monticello)
• Darby and Pritchard, Coalbrookdale Bridge, 1776-1779 **IRON

Neoclassical Painting

• Modern sitters in ancient garb
• Exemplum virtutis (moral lesson)
• Rationality, symmetry, linear perspective
• clarity of details, LINES
• MAJOR WORKS
• David, Oath of the Horatii, 1784
• David, Death of Marat, 1793 

  Resources:

• Crash Course History: The French Revolution! 
• The Metropolitan Museum's Heilbrunn Timeline puts Romanticism in perspective
•  SmartHistory's "The Swing" by Fragonard
• SmartHistory's explanation of the "Death of Marat" by David